How do You Express a Dog’s Anal Glands

Expressing a dog's anal glands is a necessary but often misunderstood aspect of pet care. While it may not be the most glamorous aspect of a vet's job or yours as a pet parent, understanding how to express a dog's anal glands is essential for maintaining their comfort and preventing potential health issues.

Anal glands produce a foul-smelling substance normally expelled during bowel movements. However, these glands can sometimes become impacted or infected, leading to discomfort and potentially serious health problems if left untreated.

Expressing a dog's anal glands is typically a procedure performed by a vet or trained groomer, but it can also be done at home with proper instruction and caution. While some dogs may never require their anal glands to be expressed, others may need regular maintenance to prevent issues like impaction, infection, or abscesses.

So, how do you express a dog's glands at home? Keep reading to learn more about anal gland expression, why it's necessary, when to do it, and how to do it at home.

• What is Anal Gland Expression?
• When do Dogs Need to Have Their Anal Glands Expressed?
• How to Express Your Dog's Anal Glands at Home: Step-by-Step
• Preventing Anal Gland Issues
• FAQs
• Final Notes

What is Anal Gland Expression?

Anal gland or anal sac expression is a procedure that empties the anal glands (also called sacs) of a dog. These glands are located on either side of the dog's anus and produce a foul-smelling substance that's normally expelled when your dog poops. However, in some cases, the anal sacs can become impacted or infected, leading to discomfort.¹

During anal gland expression, pressure is applied to the external glands, causing the contents to be expelled through small ducts located near the anus. This procedure can be performed externally by gently squeezing the glands or internally by inserting a gloved finger into the dog's rectum to apply pressure directly to the glands.¹

While some dogs may naturally empty their anal glands during bowel movements, others may require manual expression to prevent problems like impaction, infection, or abscesses. Anal gland issues are not uncommon among dogs, and while they predominantly affect small breeds, larger dogs can also experience these problems.²

Chronic skin conditions can also contribute to anal gland problems. Obesity can exacerbate those issues by putting added pressure on the anal glands and surrounding tissues. Inadequate dietary fiber in the dog's diet can also lead to poor bowel movements, making it difficult for the anal glands to empty naturally.²

Changes in stool consistency, such as soft stool, diarrhea, or constipation, can also impact anal gland function. Parasites, both internal and external, may further complicate matters by causing irritation and inflammation in the anal area. Food and environmental allergies can trigger skin issues and discomfort, potentially affecting the anal glands as well.²

While your vet will typically perform the anal gland expression procedure, you can also learn how to express a dog's anal glands at home under the guidance of a professional.¹ It's important to approach anal gland expression with caution and only perform it when necessary.

Improper technique or excessive force can cause discomfort or injury to the dog. If a dog shows signs of anal gland issues, such as scooting their bottom along the ground, licking or biting their backside, or displaying signs of discomfort while pooping, it's best to consult your vet for proper evaluation and treatment.¹

When do Dogs Need to Have Their Anal Glands Expressed?

Your dog may need anal gland expression when they're unable to empty them naturally during bowel movements. While some dogs can express their anal glands on their own, others may require manual expression to prevent issues. Here are some signs that may indicate a dog should have their anal glands expressed:¹

• Scooting: One of the most common signs that a dog's anal glands may need to be expressed is scooting or dragging their bottom along the ground. This behavior is often a sign of discomfort or irritation in the anal area and may indicate that the anal glands are full or impacted.
• Excessive licking or biting: Dogs may also excessively lick or bite at their anal area if their anal glands are full or infected. This can lead to further irritation and may indicate the need for anal gland expression.
• Foul odor: A strong, unpleasant odor coming from the anal area may also indicate that the anal glands are full or infected. This fishy smell is caused by the secretion produced by the anal glands, which may become more pungent if the glands are not emptied regularly.
• Difficulty pooping: Dogs experiencing difficulty or straining during bowel movements may have impacted anal glands that need to be expressed. The pressure from the stool passing through the rectum can sometimes help to naturally express the anal glands, but if the glands are too full or impacted, manual expression may be necessary.
• Visible swelling or discharge: In some cases, the anal glands may become swollen or infected, leading to visible swelling, redness, or discharge around the anal area. This may indicate a more severe issue that requires veterinary attention and possible expression of the anal glands.

So, how often do you express a dog's glands? It can vary depending on the individual dog. Some dogs may only need their anal glands expressed occasionally when showing symptoms, while others may require more frequent expression. For instance, if your dog starts getting infections, your vet may recommend their glands be expressed every 3-4 weeks.²

How to Express Your Dog's Anal Glands at Home: Step-by-Step

If your dog has anal gland issues, the best way to treat them is to express the glands. While you can do this at home, you should always consult a vet first to determine whether your dog needs their glands expressed.

Once you and your vet have determined your dog can benefit from anal gland expression, you should work directly with them to learn exactly how to do it at home. Instead of watching YouTube tutorials, working directly with a trusted vet who can walk you through the process is always a good idea. So, how do you express a dog's anal glands? Follow one of these methods:

Internal Method

Expressing your dog's anal glands internally can help alleviate their discomfort. Learning how to express your dog's anal glands using the internal method will help you save on vet visits if anal gland issues are a common occurrence for your pet. How do you express a dog's glands internally? Follow these steps: ²

1. Gather supplies: To get started, you'll need latex gloves, lubricants like petroleum jelly or water-based lubricant, a clean towel, and treats for rewards.
2. Prepare your dog: Find a calm, quiet area to perform the procedure. Have your dog stand or lie down in a comfortable position. Offer treats and speak to your dog in a soothing voice to help keep them relaxed.
3. Put on your gloves: Put on latex gloves to protect your hands and reduce the risk of infection. Apply a small amount of lubricant to your index finger on the glove.
4. Position yourself and your dog: Stand or kneel behind your dog if they are standing, or position yourself next to them if they're lying down. Lift your dog's tail gently to expose their anus.
5. Locate the anal glands: Use your index finger to feel for the anal glands located on either side of the anus. You should feel two small pea-sized glands beneath the skin.
6. Express the anal glands: Gently insert your lubricated finger into your dog's anus, being careful not to force it. Once inside, press your finger against the side of the anal gland and apply gentle pressure. If the glands are full, you may feel a small amount of fluid expelled through the ducts.
7. Clean up and reward your dog: Use a clean towel or wipes to clean your dog's anal area and remove any excess fluid or lubricant. Offer your dog plenty of praise and treats for their cooperation and patience during the procedure.

External Method

Similar to the internal method, the external method of expressing your dog's anal glands can help you address anal gland issues and maintain your dog's health. This method follows a nearly identical setup to the internal method, but instead of inserting your finger into the dog's anus, you'll apply gentle pressure to the glands from the outside. So, how do you express a dog's anal glands externally? Follow these steps:³

1. Gather supplies: Grab a clean towel or wipes and treats for positive reinforcement. You may still want gloves because you'll be close to your dog's rectum.
2. Prepare your dog: Again, find a calm, quiet area to perform the procedure. Have your dog stand or lie down, and offer them treats to keep them relaxed.
3. Position yourself and your dog: You'll position yourself and your dog in the exact same way you would if you were using the internal method. Then, gently lift their tail.
4. Express the glands: Use your thumb and forefinger to apply pressure to the anal glands from the outside. Gently squeeze and massage them in a downward motion.
5. Clean up and reward your dog: Wipe your dog to remove any excess fluid or debris and offer them plenty of praise and treats for their cooperation.

Keep in mind that some dogs may have anal gland issues that can't be corrected immediately. Infected anal sacs require thorough cleaning with antiseptic, followed by antibiotic therapy to combat the infection.⁴ Your vet might recommend repeated flushings combined with steroid-antibiotic ointment for persistent issues to promote healing. There are also cases where expression might not work, and your dog may need surgery.⁴

Expressing your dog's anal glands incorrectly can pose risks and potential complications. It can also cause them great discomfort and may not be something you're comfortable doing yourself. It's always an option to have a veterinarian perform the anal gland expression, but some pet parents may choose to do it at home due to the costs associated with regular vet visits.

Luckily, you don't have to go to the vet every time your dog needs their glands expressed if you're willing to do it yourself from home. With Dutch telemedicine for pets, you can have a licensed veterinarian virtually by your side via video call, ensuring that you're performing the procedure correctly and safely. They'll provide step-by-step instructions, answer any questions you may have, and offer reassurance throughout the process.

Plus, a vet will be available for further consultations whenever your dog needs their glands expressed, gradually building your confidence until you feel comfortable doing it on your own. This personalized guidance and support can give you peace of mind and ensure your dog's well-being.

Preventing Anal Gland Issues

Preventing anal gland issues in dogs supports their health and is essential for their comfort. While some dogs may be more prone to anal gland problems due to genetics or underlying health conditions, there are several preventive measures pet parents can take to minimize the risk of these issues:

• Dietary management: Ensuring your dog maintains a healthy diet is crucial for preventing anal gland problems. A diet rich in fiber can help promote regular bowel movements, which can aid in naturally expressing the anal glands during defecation. Consult your veterinarian to find the best diet and dog food for your pet's needs.
• Regular exercise: Adequate exercise is essential for maintaining proper gastrointestinal function in dogs. Daily physical activity helps stimulate bowel movements and promote overall digestive health, which can reduce the likelihood of anal gland impaction or inflammation.
• Weight management: Obesity can worsen anal gland issues in dogs, as excess weight puts added pressure on the anal glands and surrounding tissues. Maintaining a healthy weight by controlling portions and providing regular exercise can help prevent unnecessary strain on the anal glands.
• Hygiene practices: Keeping your dog's anal area clean and dry is important for preventing infections and discomfort. Regular grooming, including gentle cleaning around the anus, can help remove dirt, debris, and fecal matter that may contribute to anal gland issues.
• Regular vet check-ups: Schedule routine veterinary examinations for your dog to monitor their overall health and detect any potential anal gland issues. Your veterinarian can assess the condition of the anal glands during these visits and provide guidance on preventive measures.
• Use supplements: In some cases, vets may recommend digestive supplements or additives to support anal gland health. These supplements may include fiber or omega-3 fatty acids, which can help promote healthy bowel movements and reduce the risk of digestive and anal gland problems.⁴
• Regular anal gland expression: For dogs prone to recurring anal gland issues, regular manual expression of the anal glands may be necessary. Doing this regularly can help prevent impaction or infection of the glands.

FAQs

How much does it cost to express a dog's anal glands at the vet?

The cost of expressing a dog's anal glands at the vet can fluctuate based on geographic location, the specific vet clinic, and any medications your dog needs. Some clinics may offer bundled services or discounts for regular customers. However, you should discuss the cost with your local clinic to get an accurate estimate based on your dog's needs.

When considering the cost of expressing your dog's anal glands at the vet, weigh the expenses against the benefits to your pet's health and comfort. While the procedure means spending money, addressing anal gland issues as quickly as possible can prevent discomfort, infection, and potential complications for your dog.

Save money with Dutch. A Dutch membership gives you access to a licensed veterinarian from the comfort of your home, allowing you to express your dog's anal glands yourself with the guidance of a professional. A Dutch membership is often more affordable than frequent visits to the vet and comes with ongoing care, meaning you can get your dog the care they need when they need it most.

Is it painful for dogs to have their anal glands expressed?

Having their anal glands expressed by a veterinarian or groomer is typically not painful for dogs, though it may be uncomfortable or unsettling for them. Anal gland expression applies gentle pressure to the glands to release the secretions inside. However, if the glands are impacted, infected, or inflamed, the process can become uncomfortable or even painful for the dog.

If your dog whimpers at home or shows any signs of discomfort or pain, they may have a serious issue that requires veterinarian attention. These symptoms may indicate a serious health issue, such as impacted or infected anal glands, which require professional evaluation and treatment. Ignoring these signs could lead to further complications and discomfort for your dog.

What breeds need their anal glands expressed?

While certain breeds may be more prone to needing their anal glands expressed due to variations in anatomy or genetics, any dog can need their anal glands expressed. Breeds commonly associated with anal gland issues include small breeds such as Chihuahuas, Toy Poodles, and Beagles.² However, anal gland problems can affect dogs of all breeds and sizes.

How often a dog needs their anal glands expressed can also vary. Some dogs may never require manual expression if their glands naturally empty during bowel movements. Others may need occasional expression if they have difficulty emptying their glands on their own. Certain dogs may require more frequent expression due to chronic issues such as gland impaction or infection.

Each dog is unique, and factors like diet, activity level, underlying health conditions, and individual anatomy can influence their likelihood of needing anal gland expression. Pet parents need to monitor their dogs for signs of anal gland problems and consult a veterinarian as needed to address any issues.

Can I express my dog's anal glands at home?

Expressing a dog's anal glands at home is possible, but there are potential risks involved. While some pet parents may feel comfortable attempting this procedure themselves, it's highly recommended to seek guidance from a veterinarian first. Veterinarians have the expertise and experience to teach you the proper techniques and ensure the safety and well-being of the dog and the person performing the expression.

One of the primary reasons to consult with a vet before attempting anal gland expression at home is to determine whether it's necessary in the first place. While certain signs like scooting, excessive licking or biting of the anus, or a foul odor may indicate anal gland issues, only a vet can accurately diagnose the health issue and recommend appropriate treatment. Consulting with a vet allows for a thorough examination to rule out other potential causes of the symptoms and tailor the treatment plan to your dog's needs.

Additionally, even if a dog does require anal gland expression, pet parents should understand that it's not always a straightforward procedure. Improper technique or excessive force during expression can potentially lead to injury or worsen existing problems. Veterinarians can provide valuable guidance on the correct method of expressing anal glands and address any concerns or complications that may arise during the process.

Your dog's well-being should always be the top priority. You may feel confident in your ability to perform anal gland expression at home, but you should recognize the potential limitations. Working closely with a vet ensures the procedure is done safely and effectively.

Final Notes

Expressing a dog's anal glands is an important aspect of pet care that maintains their comfort and prevents potential health issues. While it may not be the most pleasant task, understanding how to express a dog's anal glands is crucial for pet parents, especially if their dog has recurring issues.

Veterinarians have the expertise to teach you proper techniques and ensure your dog's safety and well-being. They can determine whether anal gland expression is necessary and provide personalized guidance based on your dog's needs.

Want someone to guide you through anal gland expression? Get a Dutch membership today. We offer a convenient solution for pet parents seeking dog health guidance. With Dutch, you can access licensed vets and get personalized guidance and support.